Passive sensor & L-band radar of USA ?

Read the forum code of contact

Member for

10 years 9 months

Posts: 194

Russia: PAK FA and MiG-31 have L-band radar as NIIP (Tikhomirov AESA) & Zaslon-AM
Israel has EL/M-2080 L-band radar
Ukraine has Kolchuga passive sensor

L-band radar can detect stealth aircraft such as F-22 or F-35, L-band radar can be switched on constantly and not easily detectable (similar AESA radar, but L-band radar does not change the frequency as AESA), because when installed onboard the aircraft's nose, made from materials compousite not reflect radar waves from radar such as the APG-77 X-band (3cm) used track MiG-31 or T-50 (note: head-on), in addition to the sensor surface as Kolchuga or AESA radar EL/M-2080 ground-base can effectively resist attacks from the EA-18G (electronic warfare) or ARM missiles like the AGM-88 HARM.

AESA radar can change frequencies continuously & AGM-88 will be elusive, with passive sensor AGM-88 can't be detected because it is receiving signals from the noise of the engine as well as radar (The stealth aircraft while operating the equipment required to open as radio contact with the command center, equipment altimetry, radar to find targets. passive sensor receive these signals to detect targets), so it does not emit as radar frequency to & AGM-88 can't find (Except for the use of guided bombs as the JDAM, TLAM, used Targeting pod).

Finally What the USA got ?

Original post

Member for

11 years 9 months

Posts: 480

Radio wave is the same no matter what band, so why would L band be better for detecting so called stealth? :confused:

Member for

14 years 1 month

Posts: 8,850

Radio wave is the same no matter what band, so why would L band be better for detecting so called stealth? :confused:

:confused: Ever heard about something called wavelength?

Member for

11 years 9 months

Posts: 480

:confused: Ever heard about something called wavelength?

Why would wavelength affect detecting stealth? :confused:

Member for

11 years 9 months

Posts: 480

Speaking of passive sensors, every object exerts a gravitational force. Say if you have an F-22 at 100 km away, it would exert a large gravitational force given its large mass of 43,340 pounds of empty weight. This would enable it to be detected and tracked by some sort of passive gravity detection sensor. :eagerness:

Member for

14 years 1 month

Posts: 8,850

Why would wavelength affect detecting stealth? :confused:

Because wavelength in certain band directly relates to the size of the illuminated object and that affects its RCS.
If you take a small metal ball and drill a tiny hole in it, then the hole will have next to zero effect on the RCS when illuminated by a meter long wave.
But the same role can have great impact on the RCS of the ball when illuminated by radar waves with very high frequency (short wavelength).
Logically - you optimize shape for specific frequencies only (the ones you most likely encounter on battlefield, of course)

Member for

14 years 1 month

Posts: 8,850

Speaking of passive sensors, every object exerts a gravitational force. Say if you have an F-22 at 100 km away, it would exert a large gravitational force given its large mass of 43,340 pounds of empty weight. This would enable it to be detected and tracked by some sort of passive gravity detection sensor. :eagerness:
And how exactly does such sensor work?

Member for

19 years 9 months

Posts: 12,109

Northrop First flew a L Band AESA nearly a decade ago

http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/MESA/Pages/default.aspx

The most prominent of the many antenna and optical apertures is the MESA “top hat” AESA antenna subsystem shared between the L-band radar and its integrated IFF system.

http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Wedgetail-Antennas.html

The 737 AEW&C aircraft generates 360 kilowatts of electrical power to operate the MESA radar. In addition, the aircraft can carry radar antennas that are very large, approximately 6 x 18 feet for the side-looking antennas and 5 x 25 feet for the forward- and aft- looking antennas. This antenna size, plus the radar power, enable the AEW&C aircraft to survey great distances. The MESA radar antennas are housed in a dorsal structure mounted on top of the fuselage. There are two back-to-back sideward looking arrays and a third antenna—called the “top hat” and positioned high in the dorsal in—that looks front and back. These full coverage arrays, along with their component electronically steered T/R modules, enable MESA system operators to focus radar time and energy on the areas more likely to include hostile targets while simultaneously monitoring low threat areas with less radar energy.

Another major AESA surveillance system being designed and developed by Northrop Grumman is the next-generation radar for the Global Hawk and the E-10 aircraft. The design utilizes technology advances from development work on tactical aircraft for these surveillance platforms.

The great range and exceptional agility that make AESA systems so well suited to the early warning mission also figure importantly in their effectiveness as fire control radars for fighter aircraft. An additional strength enhances fighter operations: the ability to achieve high-resolution imagery for air-to-ground targeting. AESA fighter radars, because they use X-band frequencies and synthetic aperture processing, are capable of such “targeting-quality” resolution. This is not the case for the AEW&C MESA radar: it uses lower, L-band frequencies, settling for lower resolution in order to achieve long range detection with less disruption from bad weather.

http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/AMDR/Documents/review_aesa.pdf

Passive targetting and detection (F-22 & F-35)

F-22

The AN/ALR-94 is a passive receiver system capable of detecting the radar signals in the environment. Composed of more than 30 antennae smoothly blended into the wings and fuselage, it is described by the former head of the F-22 program at Lockheed Martin Tom Burbage as "the most technically complex piece of equipment on the aircraft." With greater range (250+ nmi) than the radar, it enables the F-22 to limit its own radar emission which might otherwise compromise its stealth. As the target approaches, AN/ALR-94 can cue the AN/APG-77 radar to keep track of its motion with a narrow beam, which can be as focused as 2° by 2° in azimuth and elevation.
The AN/APG-77 AESA radar, designed for air-superiority and strike operations, features a low-observable, active-aperture, electronically-scanned array that can track multiple targets in all kinds of weather.

http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/f22_800.jpg
http://img841.imageshack.us/img841/7968/1m8w.png

http://piaairslines.blogspot.com/2009/04/analr-94-is-passive-receiver-system.html

The ALR-94, in addition to being described as the most sophisticated kit aboard the F-22, is also the most protected (classified) as far as sub systems are concerned...

F-35

F-35 Sensor Suite

http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/issue/feature/F-35-Integrated-Sensor-Suite-Lethal-Combination_1145.html#.UidNtGSsgXw
http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/military/JSF-Integrated-Avionics-Par-Excellence_1067.html#.UidQnGSsgXw

Attachments

Member for

11 years 9 months

Posts: 480

An F-15 weighs 28,000 pounds empty. An F-22 weighs 43,340 pounds empty. An F-22 thus has a much larger gravitational signature than an F-15. Anyone know which of the two has a larger infrared signature at cruising speed?

Member for

15 years 8 months

Posts: 516

Radio wave is the same no matter what band, so why would L band be better for detecting so called stealth? :confused:

Although equal are also different ...
If you want to have fun on this follows below some links on this topic:

http://www.ausairpower.net/index.html

http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars.html

http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2011-03.html

http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2009-06.html

Member for

11 years 9 months

Posts: 480

It says here that radar absorbing paint can turn radio waves partially into heat. This can be done only by reducing the energy of the reflected radio waves, that is to say, by changing the wave length. Suppose a radar sends out radio waves at a certain wavelength, and the returning radio waves have their wavelengths altered, wouldn't this be a tell tail sign that radar absorbing paint was encountered and the stealthy aircraft detected? :confused:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar-absorbent_material

Member for

14 years 3 months

Posts: 3,259

er, no, the energy depletion will reduce the intensity of the signal (the whole purpose of the RAM paint) but won't change the wavelength as such

Member for

12 years 1 month

Posts: 4,168

Bring it, conformal antennas were dismissed from F22. Years ago and was never produced.
Bah nvm, this wole thread is onsense, every countries are working on passive multistatic radars, some prototypes are funded using UHF, VHF, MF and Numerical TV frequences.

Member for

19 years 9 months

Posts: 12,109

Bring it, conformal antennas were dismissed from F22. Years ago and was never produced.

Those were side array AESA that worked along side the Apg-77 and increased its FOV. The original LMA proposal called for 3 radars in the Nose (Similar to T-50) and side arrays. Side arrays were deffered, and may perhaps re-appear during MLU. The Antennas are a part of the F-22 Passive suite, and are very much on the fighter.

Member for

12 years 1 month

Posts: 4,168

Ah ok confused. btw, side (conformal) arrays on the way also at Thalès.

Member for

11 years 9 months

Posts: 480

er, no, the energy depletion will reduce the intensity of the signal (the whole purpose of the RAM paint) but won't change the wavelength as such

Radio waves travel at the speed of light. What does it mean by reduced energy? :confused:

Member for

12 years 1 month

Posts: 4,168

When you put your hand on a fire, you will absorb some of its energy (and eventually get burnt)

Member for

11 years 9 months

Posts: 480

A radar should not care about the energy of the reflected waves. It only needs waves to be reflected back to it to register a detection of a distant object. Isn't this correct? :confused:

Member for

15 years 7 months

Posts: 62

Speaking of passive sensors, every object exerts a gravitational force. Say if you have an F-22 at 100 km away, it would exert a large gravitational force given its large mass of 43,340 pounds of empty weight. This would enable it to be detected and tracked by some sort of passive gravity detection sensor. :eagerness:

No. You might, in theory at least, be able to detect a peturbation within the Earths gravitational field rather than the gravitational influence of the object itself. But not without a detector the size of a small town and months to process the data. If you know otherwise, I'm sure the world's leading physicists will be beating a path to your door shortly!

Regards,

Frank

Member for

12 years 1 month

Posts: 4,168

if the radar is (i) sensitive enough and (ii) recognize waveform

Member for

10 years 9 months

Posts: 194

Northrop First flew a L Band AESA nearly a decade ago

http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/MESA/Pages/default.aspx

http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Wedgetail-Antennas.html

http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/AMDR/Documents/review_aesa.pdf

Passive targetting and detection (F-22 & F-35)

F-22

http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/f22_800.jpg
http://img841.imageshack.us/img841/7968/1m8w.png

http://piaairslines.blogspot.com/2009/04/analr-94-is-passive-receiver-system.html

The ALR-94, in addition to being described as the most sophisticated kit aboard the F-22, is also the most protected (classified) as far as sub systems are concerned...

F-35

F-35 Sensor Suite

http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/issue/feature/F-35-Integrated-Sensor-Suite-Lethal-Combination_1145.html#.UidNtGSsgXw
http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/military/JSF-Integrated-Avionics-Par-Excellence_1067.html#.UidQnGSsgXw

T-50 maybe same thing !

http://www.vostokstation.com.au/aircraft/images/PAK-FA_F22_Topview_Radars.jpg